# ERDhabitats

National Priority habitats:
Deep mud+, Mudflats+, Littoral and sublittoral seagrass beds+, Offshore sands and gravels+


National Priority habitats:
Coastal and floodplain grazing marsh, Purple moor grass and rush pastures


EBAP habitats:
Lowland heathland1, Thames Terrace Grassland2

National Priority habitats:
Lowland heathland, Lowland dry acid grassland, Purple moor grass and rush pastures


National Priority habitats:
Lowland heathland, Lowland dry acid grassland


EBAP habitats:
Ancient and species rich hedgerows and green lanes1, Veteran Trees2


National Priority habitats:
Aquifer-fed fluctuating water bodies, Chalk rivers?, Purple moor grass and rush pastures, Wet woodlands


National Priority habitats:
Lowland beech woodland, Lowland wood pasture and parkland, Wet woodlands


EBAP habitats:
Post industrial2, Thames Terrace Grassland2, Urban habitats1


EBAP habitats:
Post industrial2, Thames Terrace Grassland2


EBAP habitats:
Ancient woodlands1, Marshes/Spring flushes/Wet woodland/Carr2


# ERDspecies

Comments:
- Epping Forest, 1 of only 3 extant UK sites.


Comments:
Found at Wrabness, along the Ridge (road) at Danbury, Southend, Norsey Wood at Billericay and One Tree Hill area at Basildon.


Comments:
Boletus purpureus: it is uncertain which of the boletes in this close complex this find represents in modern terms (B. rhodopurpureus, B. xanthopurpureus or even B. satanoides etc) since once again it is a very old record and the modern species concepts w


Comments:
Found at Hyde Lake (Ingatestone), Greenstead Green Churchyard, Shut Heath Wood.


Comments:
Probably B. pseudoregius, as B. regius is now considered to be absent from Essex. Found in Greenstead Green Churchyard.


Comments:
Boletus satanas: was recorded from the Lower Forest over a hundred years ago and to my knowledge has never been seen since (I have searched many times!). Interestingly this calcareous-loving species was found in the only part of the forest where the condi


Comments:
Cortinarius violaceus: rare throughout Britain (interestingly common in some parts of Ireland) this record seems to be an isolated occurrence. The conditions in Epping should be ideal and it is likely that it is climatic restrictions that prevent it fruit


Comments:
Hatfield Forest, confirmed present in 2002, on a single beech. Rare old forest species (K. Alexander, pers. comm.).


Comments:
Hatfield Forest, confirmed present in 2002, on a few oaks (K. Alexander, pers. comm.).


Comments:
Gomphus clavatus: This Epping record from 1924 is one of very few British records and has never been seen since. It is declining throughout Europe in line with other related fungi such as the common chanterelle.


Comments:
Hericium coralloides, Hericium erinaceum, Creolophus (now Hericium) cirrhatum: These 3 species are nationally rare but are fortunately found quite often in Epping due to the presence of so many mature beech trees. The habitat is of course threatened.


Comments:
Found quite often in Epping due to the presence of so many mature beech trees. The habitat is of course threatened. Also found in King Wood, Writtle.


Comments:
Hydnellum species and other hydnums: all of the terrestrial hydnums are becoming increasingly rare in Epping in line with a general decline across Europe. Hydnellum species in particular are now very rare, I havent seen any in the forest for nearly 20 yea


Comments:
Found in Little Leighs Churchyard, Fryerning Churchyard and Chelmsford Cemetery, in quite large numbers when weather conditions are suitable.


Comments:
Unconfirmed record from Shut Heath Wood nature reserve.


Comments:
Inonotus cuticularis in Writtle. (Westover, 2002: Essex Field Club Newsletter 38: 7).


Comments:
Hatfield Forest, confirmed present in 2002, widely on ash (K. Alexander, pers. comm.).


Comments:
Third British record at Writtle (Boniface, 1996: EFC Newsletter 17: 2).


Comments:
Leucocortinarius bulbiger: An odd Epping record of what is traditionally a northern species mostly found in Scotland; once again a very old record ( 1938).


Comments:
Bracket fungus seen on Danbury Common. Listed in SAP report on this priority species (K. Alexander, pers. comm.).


Comments:
Found in Hylands Park (Chelmsford) and elsewhere.


Comments:
Hanningield Reserve. Third British record.


Comments:
Found at Hylands Park (Chelmsford) and elsewhere.


Comments:
Battarraea phalloides: Found on hedgebank in north-east Essex. The Epping Forest record is a mystery. No material exists in the national herbaria, no written notice has been found other than the inclusion in the 1938 Epping List and it is such a rare fung


Comments:
Woodland in Little Baddow, Southend and Colchester areas.


Comments:
This species is subject to a UK Biodiversity Action Plan and may be relevent to Essex


Comments:
a gathering recovery over 1-15 years as far up Thames as Mucking


Comments:
The species is in a single grouped plan for selected commercial fish species. Species may be relevent to Essex


Comments:
The species is in a single grouped plan for selected deep water fish species. Species may be relevent to Essex


Comments:
Host: Sonchus asper (L.) Hill, Prickly sow-thistle


Comments:
Largest of the British freshwater flatworms. Rather scarce, possibly because of interspecific competition at the juvenile stage.


Comments:
Lagoon Cockle. Specialist saline lagoon species. Habitat under threat nationally.


Comments:
Specialist saline lagoon species (JNCC 1996). Habitat under threat nationally.


Comments:
Colonial hydroid. Usually in weakly brackish water. Recorded from few sites in Essex.


Comments:
A sand louse. Specialist saline lagoon species (JNCC 1996). Habitat under threat nationally.


Comments:
Only one record for Essex (2000). Saline lagoons. New to Essex (Wilson 2001)


Comments:
Lagoon Sand Shrimp. Specialist saline lagoon species (JNCC 1996). Schedule 5, priority national BAP species.


Comments:
Unconfirmed record at Little Leighs Churchyard.


Comments:
A sea slater. Specialist saline lagoon species (JNCC 1996). Habitat under threat nationally.


Comments:
A periwinkle. Specialist saline lagoon species. Habitat under threat nationally. Fresh shells found.


Comments:
Recently recorded by Peter Hammond from the River Wid in Hylands Park and several other Essex rivers.


Comments:
Occasional on Essex coast. Possible damage of  sites by trawling and dredging RSPB, 1996


Comments:
Starlet Sea Anemone. Specialist saline lagoon species (JNCC 1996). Schedule 5, priority national BAP species.


Comments:
Growing on aspen catkins at Rowney Wood 1996. Fourth British record (Boniface, 1996: EFC Newsletter 18: 2).


Comments:
Lagoon Sea Slug. Specialist saline lagoon species (JNCC 1996). Schedule 5, priority national BAP species. New England Creek.


Comments:
Discovered New to Britain in South Essex in 2002.


Comments:
Discovered New to Britain in Colchester in 2002.


Comments:
Essex Pre-1900 record; VC18 pre-1970 record.


Comments:
Essex 1900-1949 record; VC19 pre-1970 record.


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 1970-on record; VC19 1970-on record.


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 pre-1970 record; VC19 pre-1970 record. Denton 2000


Comments:
Essex Pre-1900 record; VC19 pre-1970 record.


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 1970-on record.


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 pre-1970 record; VC19 1970-on record.


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 1970-on record; VC19 pre-1970 record.


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 1970-on record; VC19 1970-on record. including Belton Hills 2001.


Comments:
about half a dozen sites, most of which need reconfirming


Comments:
West Bergholt (Cuming & Bowdrey 2001). A longhorn beetle added to the British list in 1991 on the strength of a single example found in 1969 in a mixed deciduous woodland in Oxfordshire. Possibly associated with ash.


Comments:
Essex 1950-1969 record; VC18 1970-on record; VC19 1970-on record.


Comments:
38 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 11 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Restricted to damp woodland rides or heathland on acid soils


Comments:
confined to Cuckoo Pits, Epping Forest, probably introduced originally


Comments:
Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; former established arable archaeophyte, now only wild flower seed  casual.


Comments:
10 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 4 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. On banks in ancient woodland; nowhere in any quantity


Comments:
very rare, coastal sands 2-3 records only


Comments:
Essex 1900-1949 record; VC18 pre-1970 record; VC19 pre-1970 record.


Comments:
22 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 11 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Introduced


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 pre-1970 record.


Comments:
rare, declining due to loss of open heath


Comments:
Essex 1950-1969 record; VC18 pre-1970 record.


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC19 pre-1970 record.


Comments:
Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; introduced


Comments:
Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; garden throwout/escape only in Essex


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 pre-1970 record. Belton Hills 2001. No other post-1969 Essex records.


Comments:
Essex 1950-1969 record; VC18 pre-1970 record; VC19 pre-1970 record.


Comments:
Essex 1900-1949 record; VC18 pre-1970 record.


Comments:
39 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 14 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Restricted freshwater habitat in NEE


Comments:
declining rapidly, ponds river banks and brackish dykes


Comments:
declining due to loss of clean ponds and lakes


Comments:
probably extinct, no recent records, a grass of cattle trampled river/pond margins


Comments:
distribution uncertain due to confusion with forms of C. danica


Comments:
single site in Epping Forest, declining with cessation of grazing


Comments:
Throughout Britain, but with comparatively few records. Amongst exposed roots of marginal vegetation and trees, usually where these touch a mineral substratum. A small caddis which is probably overlooked as an adult and larva. There are one or two records


Comments:
drastic decline due to loss of permanent grazed grassland


Comments:
National BAP species found in four woods in Essex in 2001 (D. Urquhart, pers. comm.). Small bark beetle under bark of lime. Widespread but very rare.


Comments:
Hatfield Forest 1986, AP Foster (K. Alexander, pers. comm.).


Comments:
Nationally and locally rare. The recent sighting at South Woodham Ferrers (Essex Field Club Newsletter 35) is thought of as being 'source unknown', possible accidental' - J. Widgery/J.A. Marshall. Four other 10km records all prior to 1961, near Maldon, Co


Comments:
in several chalk and gravel pits around Grays (most definitely lost to development) & 3 woods in central Essex, declining.


Comments:
now extinct in north Essex, only now known from Grays Chalk pit NR


Comments:
Nationally important populations in the ETC, but highly threatened.


Comments:
36 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 10 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Boggy flushes in older woodlands


Comments:
8 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 6 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Very rare, loss of habitat


Comments:
Recorded from Epping Forest. May be extinct


Comments:
Known only from Great Bendysh Wood (1991 ).


Comments:
Recently discovered as British. A species first discovered in Essex (one record) and with only one other British site. With only 3 British localities known, little is known of the requirements of this recently discovered British species. Currently it is k


Comments:
Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; garden escape only.


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 pre-1970 record. Hatfield Forest, 2000 AB Drane (K. Alexander, pers. comm.).


Comments:
23 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 6 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Edges of borrow dykes


Comments:
12 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 7 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Very rare, only in a few woods


Comments:
Essex 1900-1949 record; VC18 pre-1970 record.A whirligig beetle occurring in reed beds, mainly of ancient lakes and fens. A rare species, most frequently recorded from south-eastern England and East Anglia.


Comments:
Doubtful record. Essex 1950-1969 record; VC18 pre-1970 record.


Comments:
44 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 11 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Declined due to loss of good wetland habitat


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 1970-on record; VC19 1970-on record. Associated with saline lagoons (Saline lagoon working group 2001)


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC19 1970-on record.


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 1970-on record. Mill Meadows 2001. Few UK records, but probably widespread. Two previous Essex records.


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 pre-1970 record; VC19 1970-on record. Schedule 5, national BAP species of conservation concern, Specialist Lagoon species (JNCC 1996)


Comments:
Water beetle of stagnant water, slow flowing trickles and streams. Mainly southern species.


Comments:
A small brown water beetle recorded only from fens in southern England. The females carry the egg-sac on the underside of the abdomen. Records are somewhat confused because until 1982 the name *H. obscurus* was covering both *H. obscurus s. str* and the c


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 1970-on record; VC19 pre-1970 record. Associated with saline lagoons (Saline lagoon working group 2001)


Comments:
20 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 6 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Coastal


Comments:
Essex 1950-1969 record; VC19 pre-1970 record.


Comments:
There are three main areas of population, the woods and heaths south of Colchester, the Danbury and Bicknacre area, and the old quarries and gravel pits near the Thames in the East Thames Corridor. Green Hairstreak is suffering habitat loss in the south o


Comments:
very rare, and in small quantity, Walton, Dovercourt-Lt Oakley, Hullbridge


Comments:
35 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 14 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Commoner on the chalk of the NW


Comments:
7 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 5 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Heathland sites


Comments:
Only two Essex records are known (Epping Forest, 1983 and 2000). This is an ancient woodland species whose larvae develop in rotting tree stumps often underground.


Comments:
17 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 14 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Occasional damp woodland ride or pond edge


Comments:
Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; extinct in Essex, one old record from Colchester.


Comments:
single plant known at Fingringhoe Wick NR


Comments:
very local, declining rapidly due to flailing during flowering season


Comments:
very rare, only recent records from Hatfield Forest


Comments:
recently transferred to Nationally Scarce list (post RDB3)


Comments:
43 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 14 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Scattered in grassland on sea walls


Comments:
on the verge of extinction due to drainage/pollution of fen type habitats


Comments:
rapidly declining, only one site now on the chalky boulder clay, scattered on chalk


Comments:
9 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 7 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Rare


Comments:
one newly discovered site in Dagnam Park, one unconfirmed site Holland Brook


Comments:
33 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 13 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Mainly gravel pits now


Comments:
declining through loss of fen sites, status needs reassessing


Comments:
plentiful locally, but suffering from river corridor clearance


Comments:
In Britain, this species is common in the north and west. In Essex it is on the edge of its range and known from a few sites in the north-west of the county and from Rainham marshes.


Comments:
24 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 8 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Declined due to loss of marshland


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 pre-1970 record; VC19 pre-1970 record.


Comments:
34 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 5 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Coastal sands


Comments:
40 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 16 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Declining on bare sandy ground


Comments:
All recent records from Hatfield Forest.


Comments:
3 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 2 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive.


Comments:
down to a handfulof sites, decling due to loss of habitat


Comments:
A small brown water beetle. An open water species preferring large drains and canals. Occurs mainly in southern and eastern Britain and possibly declining in the west.


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 pre-1970 record. Hatfield Forest 2000, AB Drane (K. Alexander, pers. comm.).


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 pre-1970 record; VC19 pre-1970 record. Mill Meadows. No previous post-1950 Essex record.


Comments:
Hatfield Forest, 2002 KNAA (K. Alexander, pers. comm.).


Comments:
43 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 12 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Only in ancient woodland


Comments:
archeophyte, once common, now only as deep buried seed bank


Comments:
Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; one casual record for Essex, only.


Comments:
NCR. West Thurrock PFA lagoons October 2001 (Hammond). A few old records for Kent and Oxfordshire, one ten years or so back for East Suffolk and one very recent one for Battersea Park in London.


Comments:
43 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 10 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive.


Comments:
only one recent record, Whipps Cross pond


Comments:
drastic decline, only a handful of extant sites


Comments:
drastic decline due to hedgerow clearance and woodlkand neglect


Comments:
a small number of scattered records along our main river valleys


Comments:
probably extinct, last seen in Thorndon Park but not refound recently


Comments:
rapidly declining due to drainage of valley marshes


Comments:
37 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 10 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. More common in ponds in woods on the chalky boulder clay


Comments:
Recorded from Hylands Park by M.W. Hanson 2001.


Comments:
32 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 11 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Very sporadic, generally more frequent heading west


Comments:
Recorded from Hylands Park by M.W. Hanson 2002.


Comments:
10 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 7 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Declined, very sporadic


Comments:
Probably small localised populations. Recorded from Alphamstone and Newland Osiers.


Comments:
Recently found foraging on remnant grassland at Colne Point.


Comments:
6 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 2 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Shady wooded banks to west of Colchester


Comments:
32 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 13 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Scattered, sporadic records


Comments:
Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; garden escape only in Essex


Comments:
Throughout Britain. There are few Scottish records, and those mainly from the south, but they do include the Outer Hebrides! (if correct). Submerged rotting twigs and branches in rivers, lakes, and streams, but mainly in the larger waterbodies. Probably o


Comments:
Not recorded since 1910. A woodland species.


Comments:
Essex Pre-1900 record; VC18 pre-1970 record; VC19 pre-1970 record.


Comments:
increasing. Conocephalus discolor has been included on the 
Essex red data list as there are very few records for this species in 
the county.  It has undergone an expansion in range 
nationally and colonised most of Hertfordshire in just two seasons 
dur


Comments:
17 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 10 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Most of these records are probably garden escapes


Comments:
still well scattered in boggy sites across county but declining through loss of habitat


Comments:
virtually extinct, due to scrubbing over of chalk rock in Saffron Walden area


Comments:
a few scattered sites on the chalk of the NW and in Grays Chalk Pit (introduced?)


Comments:
48 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 9 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Coastal


Comments:
There are only two Essex records, from Brightlingsea (1980s) and Sunshine Plain in Epping Forest (2000). It is normally associated with heathy habitats. The larvae feed on gall-producing Psyllids on Juncus articulatus.


Comments:
20 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 8 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Summer drawdown of temporary pools on heathland and woodland rides on acid soils


Comments:
rare, only a handful of sites all of which need checking


Comments:
Only 2 recent sites. No records since early 1980s.


Comments:
27 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 5 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Restricted to sandy beaches; only a few more records than Sea Holly which has been included


Comments:
Well distributed insect nationally in the south from Norfolk to the south coast. In Essex there are 56 1km records covering 17 10km squares, the bulk of these close to the Colne, Blackwater and Belton Hills areas, with occasional records further inland. I


Comments:
Restricted to south facing coasts almost exclusively to the furthest south of the country. In Essex three old 1km records covering TM01 and TM11 at East Mersea (pre-1896) and St Osyth (pre-1940). The area has been searched without success. Details in Wake


Comments:
Chalkney Wood (Cuming & Bowdrey 2001). Small brown beetle. Adults and larvae feed on various puff-ball fungi. Restricted to the Suffolk and Norfolk Breckland.


Comments:
The only known site where it is of regular occurrence is a garden in Colchester. There are also recent records from Beckton in London and a post-industrial site in west Canvey.


Comments:
10 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 4 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. In the grass of a few churchyards


Comments:
26 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 12 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Only in older woodlands along damp shady streams or boggy areas


Comments:
only a handful of scattered records, declining due to loss of habitat


Comments:
1 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 1 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Lost from this site now


Comments:
47 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 11 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Some borrowdykes


Comments:
former widespread arable archeophyte, now sporadic from deep ploughing or wild flower seed.


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 pre-1970 record. East Tilbury 2000, 2nd record for county


Comments:
33 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 15 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Mainly gravel pits now


Comments:
Known from one record (1970s) from a reed bed at Mucking. A rare fly of reed beds in brackish water but elusive and may be overlooked.There are very few recent records of this species in Britain. Any population found in Essex would be of national importan


Comments:
3 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 3 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Very rare, although now turning up as moved from site to site by EWT machinery


Comments:
17 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 8 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Along the folding of the sea walls but no longer common


Comments:
Extinct as breeding species, as it almost certainly is in Britain. Very rare vagrants and releases of captive stock.


Comments:
Known from 4 sites, some of which are threatened by development. Current national records indicate that this hoverfly species is restricted to eastem England and associated with ponds and ditches where sweet grass (Glyceria) or reeds (Phragmites) are abun


Comments:
One record only (1990) from Stour Wood. It is a north-western species in Britain and there are very few records from south-east England.


Comments:
declining rapidly through drainage of Dunmow soil seepages


Comments:
3 sites. 2 records from the Pitsea area, at Wat Tyler Country Park and a garden, also in a railway cutting at Great Dunmow and a chalk pit in Grays (now destroyed).


Comments:
Formerly known from only I site, now more widespread, but still vulnerable?


Comments:
very rare, coastal, but probably overlooked as flowers so early


Comments:
very rare, Hospital Wood (Hainault), Bedfords Park, Cranham, Thundersley Glen


Comments:
Still widespread, but rapidly declining in numbers


Comments:
Not recorded since 1896. Usually associated with coniferous woodland.


Comments:
drastic decline, only a handful of recent records


Comments:
39 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 9 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Occasional on main rivers


Comments:
5 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 5 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Few records in some woodlands


Comments:
Whirligig beetle. Rare with few recent records, mostly from southeast England and East Anglia, though also recorded from Anglesey. Usually found in small numbers in flooded *Phragmites* beds.


Comments:
29 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 10 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive.


Comments:
now very rare, sporadic in no more than 3-4 sites at any one time


Comments:
7 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 5 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive.


Comments:
6 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 6 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Rare on dry sandy sites


Comments:
drastic decline due to increasing motor-boat traffic on the main rivers and canals


Comments:
39 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 10 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Borrowdykes, fleets and creeks on coastal grazing marshes


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 pre-1970 record. Hatfield Forest 2000, JA Owen & AB Drane (K. Alexander, pers. comm.).


Comments:
2 recent records, Epping Forest and a garden in Colchester.


Comments:
25 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 6 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Coastal sands


Comments:
34 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 14 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Scattered in some ponds and sometimes borrowdykes


Comments:
National trend: presumed past decline; currently unknown


Comments:
cp on Andrena humilis. May be extinct. Mill Wood Pit population destroyed.


Comments:
The great crested newt is still quite widespread in Britain and Essex. The British population is amongst the largest in Europe, where it is threatened in several countries. The great crested newt is listed on Annexes II and IV of the EC Habitats Directive


Comments:
Palmate newt is included due to its scarcity in most of Essex. The stronghold areas in Essex are Epping Forest, Brentwood, Southend and Rochford. Jon Cranfield has collected all the available records for palmate newts in the East Anglian Region (Norfolk,


Comments:
Scarce winter visitor but potentially a breeding species


Comments:
Nationally important numbers winter in Essex


Comments:
Small breeding population expanding in metropolitan Essex particularly Epping Forest. Globally threatened


Comments:
Increasing breeding population – expanding range particularly during the period 1989 to date.


Comments:
Much decreased and very local breeding species. Now confined to a handful of localities eg. Old Hall, Rainham Marsh, Ingrebourne Valley


Comments:
Occurs in nationally important breeding numbers. Has expanded and increased during past decade particularly in coastal and SW metropolitan Essex. Essex holds about 20% of national breeding population


Comments:
Breeding attempts have become more frequent in last decade and now up to two ‘pairs’ nest annually – set to expand to other sites?


Comments:
Much decreased winter visitor – still fairly regular around the coast.


Comments:
Increased summer visitor – breeding population has increased and range expanded during past decade.


Comments:
Much decreased resident. Now largely gone from inland areas, still a few in west and central Essex. Strongholds are Thames and coastal marshes.


Comments:
Confined to a few sites containing extensive reed bed and water meadow. Eg Old Hall, Ingrebourne Valley. Possibly some increase during last decade,


Comments:
Scarce breeding bird confined to about three large and 3 – 4 small colonies on coast. Some increase during 1990s but suffers from predation by foxes at several sites


Comments:
Small breeding population apparently stable – largely confined to gravel works or ex gravel workings eg at Belhus Woods CP. Most are in Metropolitan Essex.


Comments:
Has declined as a breeding species – mainly inland. Small numbers breed on gravel pits inland


Comments:
Increased and spread in Essex during 1966 to 1980, marked decline since accelerating during the 1990s. Now marked range contraction and is now absent from many tetrads in SW where present in 1988 – 1994. Hainault Forest population was 25 pairs in 1978 dec


Comments:
Coastal populations probably stable but inland populations – particularly on farmland have declined markedly in last 20 years.


Comments:
Much declined breeding bird. Now confined to about 5 – 6 sites scattered across County.


Comments:
Inland populations have declined; only 3 or four sites most in metropolitan Essex coastal populations are relatively stable.


Comments:
Scattered colonies persist along the coast but all have shown marked decline in past 25 years – particularly in the Fowlness area, Human disturbance remains a very urgent problem


Comments:
Marked decline in breeding numbers across County in last 20 years with evidence since the Essex breeding Atlas of a contraction in range away from edge habitats in the SW (cf decline at Hainault Forest from six pairs in the 1980s to only 1 – 2 in late 199


Comments:
Widespread decline in 20th cent. Numbers are now relatively stable. Most are in coastal Essex (particularly Dengie & Fowlness) with very few in the NW or west of the County.


Comments:
Scarce resident, with some increase and expansion in the late 1990s but a decline since.


Comments:
Winter numbers have declined since the 1980s while regular breeding has apparently ceased. Used to breed (until mid 1990s) on Fowlness and occasionally elsewhere along the coast. Pairs have also summered, bred at Rainham Marshes since the late 19980s.


Comments:
Marked decline in overall numbers but no apparent contraction in range. May have been a slight recovery since the early 1990s with the species benefiting from set aside schemes.


Comments:
Decline in numbers following crash years of 1969 and 1984. Recovery since. Largely dependent on man made sites which are often destroyed or filled in. More sympathetic management of GP sites needed.


Comments:
Marked decline since the mid 1970s when over 100 pairs across County. Now largely confined to Epping Forest where no more than 10 pairs have been found since the mid 1990s and only 2 – 3 since 2000


Comments:
Marked decline in particularly the inland populations of this species. Coastal populations have been less severely affected but have still shown some decline. Set aside management may have had some benefit in arresting the decline in central Essex


Comments:
Although the population fluctuates from year to year Essex holds a significant proportion of the National population – centred on Colchester, Fingrinhoe Chelmsford areas. Small numbers (although fewer than in the 1950s) still breed SW of Chelmsford.


Comments:
Small but significant numbers breed mainly along industrial Thames-side and in the Lea Valley. Population has remained fairly constant for many years allowing for areas being redeveloped etc.


Comments:
Small but expanding population breeds along the Thames-side marshes from barking to Canvey. The County has one of the largest populations of breeding birds in the SE of England – some of which may be of continental origin.


Comments:
Marked decline in breeding population between 1960 and late 1980s with some evidence of some stability or even increase since the mid 1990s.


Comments:
Scattered breeding population although numbers do fluctuate and sites changed from year to year.


Comments:
Scattered pairs have bred since 1996 at sites across the county but not more than three years in succession. Enough habitat is available so could colonise


Comments:
Marked decline in both the numbers of breeding pairs and passage birds since the late 1980s. Regularly bred in most metropolitan woodlands (particularly Hainault & Epping) as well as in the Mill Green & Danbury Woodlands until the early 1990s – very few s


Comments:
Colonised Essex as a breeding species in the mid 1970s. Main areas are Epping Forest, Havering CP and Warley with occasional breeding, territories at Hainault Forest and Thorndon Park. Breeding season records have become more frequent in last decade.


Comments:
Marked national decline reflected in Essex in long term population decline since at least 1980. Although range has not contracted populations have undergone a serious decline accelerating since 1990


Comments:
Scarce national breeding bird breeding since 1950s in scattered coastal sites. Most are along Thames-side and in NE Essex. Population rose from 10 – 15 pairs in early 1980s to over 40 pairs by early 1990s. A decline has set  in recent years.


Comments:
Marked decline since mid 1980s accelerating during the 1990s. No gone from many tetrads occupied in the Essex Breeding Atlas. Strongholds are in west central Essex north of Roding Valley. (cf decline in Tree Sparrow, Willow Tit, Hawfinch, Redpoll)


Comments:
As with the above a marked decline in both population and range since the mid 1980s. Now largely gone from most of its Essex Atlas range. Very few breeding pairs have been found since 1997 and it may be on the verge of extinction in the County.


Comments:
Marked national decline first noted in Essex in the early 1980s. Now largely gone from most of tetrads occupied in Essex Atlas in south and west of the County. Some small colonies persist but could face local extinction within next few years. Hainault For


Comments:
Decline nationally reflected in Essex population. Some increases due to set aside initiatives offset by habitat destruction elsewhere.


Comments:
Decline noted nationally has affected Essex – particularly during late 1980s and early 1990s. Possible slight reversal of this locally in SW since 1998.


Comments:
Small scattered population was relatively stable until the early 1990s when a serious decline set in. Reasons for this are not clear but some evidence locally in SW Essex links this to human disturbance of winter feeding flocks and habitat management. The


Comments:
Decline noted nationally has affected Essex – particularly during the 1980s and early 1990s. There has also been a contraction in range in some parts of the SW (eg at the edges of Rainham Marsh) while none now breed within Hainault Forest CP where up to 1


Comments:
Decline noted nationally has affected Essex has also affected Essex since the mid 1980s at least. The Rainham Marsh population fell from over 150 pairs in 1986 to less than a third of this by the mid 1990s but increasing slightly to about 100 pairs by 200


Comments:
drastic decline, only two recent records


Comments:
possibly extinct, curious unlocalised Atlas 1962 records for TM and TR


Comments:
very rare, in a few coastal borrow-dykes


Comments:
Not recorded since 1946 and only once (Epping Forest). It could easily be overlooked.


Comments:
38 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 12 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Very scattered


Comments:
Epping Forest, Tiptree Heath, Totham Pits, Thundersley


Comments:
dramatic decline, only a few scattered extant sites


Comments:
20 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 9 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Sandy and gravelly sites on heathland and tops of anthills


Comments:
still widespresad, but thinly scattered and declining rapidly


Comments:
Old Hall Marshes 2000, Wakering Stairs 2001. Several Essex records for this saltmarsh species.


Comments:
Hatfield Forest 1968, PH (K. Alexander, pers. comm.).


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 pre-1970 record; VC19 pre-1970 record. Belton Hills 2001.


Comments:
Old Hall Marshes & Aveley Bay (Cuming & Bowdrey 2001).


Comments:
NCR (Cuming 2000). Weevil. A local species feeding on pine.


Comments:
Recorded from Hylands Park 2001 (M. Hanson, pers. comm.). An infrequently recorded wood-boring weevil associated with veteran trees.


Comments:
Doubtful record. Essex Pre-1900 record; VC18 pre-1970 record.


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 1970-on record; VC19 pre-1970 record. Belton Hills 2001. Old records for the Southend area.


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 pre-1970 record; VC19 pre-1970 record. First post-1900 record Vange Heights 2000. Belton Hills 2001.


Comments:
Belton Hills 2001. Only one previous Essex record.


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 pre-1970 record; VC19 pre-1970 record. Belton Hills 2001. Only 2 previous Essex records.


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 1970-on record; VC19 pre-1970 record. including Pitsea 2001.


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 pre-1970 record; VC19 pre-1970 record. Belton Hills 2001. Only 3 previous Essex records, none post-1950.


Comments:
Already lost from at least one post-1980 breeding site. Declining.


Comments:
6 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 4 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Wet flushes in ancient woodlands


Comments:
Larvae of this large sawfly feed on Succisa and Knautia, rare plants in Essex nowadays, especially in any quantity. Recorded from Aveley Bay (P.R. Harvey 2000), Mill Meadows (P.R. Harvey 2001, determined A. Halstead).


Comments:
confined to Sunshine Plain and Lodge Road Bog in Epping Forest


Comments:
43 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 13 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Ditto above


Comments:
A little-known and scarce mayfly found in rivers. The flight period is April to October.


Comments:
A scarce mayfly breeding in rivers and streams where the current is slow. The larvae are found amongst vegetation and on sandy substrata. The flight period is May to October.


Comments:
32 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 10 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Declining due to loss of habitat


Comments:
Known recently only from Stour and Copperas Woods. A woodland edge species whose larvae feed in the stem bases of primroses (Primula vulgaris).


Comments:
Newly discovered in Essex by Ted Benton in 2001. Two workers were collected by P.R. Harvey at Tiptree Heath in 1994 and their identity realised in 2002. Possibly overlooked.


Comments:
Old records in Collinge (1942) are mentioned in Harding & Sutton (1985) for Walton-on-the Naze and Canvey Island. It inhabits rock debris on boulder beaches.


Comments:
scarce, on a few sandy/gravelly beaches, seldom in quantity


Comments:
decling through loss of calcareous grassland, only a scattering of recent records


Comments:
formerly widespread cornfield weed, now absent from much of the county


Comments:
36 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 9 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Scarce due to loss of habitat


Comments:
Genuinely scarce in Essex, recorded from Epping Forest and Hainault Forest.


Comments:
Genuinely rare in Essex. Recorded from several sites in Epping Forest.


Comments:
Genuinely scarce in Essex. Recorded from Basildon and Epping Forest.


Comments:
Genuinely scarce in Essex. Recorded from Chafford Hundred in Thurrock, area now built on.


Comments:
Genuinely scarce in Essex. Recorded from Rainham and Aveley Marshes, Chafford Hundred and Grays Chalk Quarry in Thurrock and Blackgrounds Marsh.


Comments:
Genuinely scarce in Essex. Recorded from Epping Forest.


Comments:
Genuinely scarce in Essex. Recorded from Repping and Hatfield Forests.


Comments:
Habitat restricted to acid bogs and peat. Rare in Essex, recorded from Epping Forest.


Comments:
Scarce in Essex. Recorded from The Mores.


Comments:
Appears to be restricted in Essex, recorded from Epping Forest.


Comments:
Rare in Essex. Recorded from Epping Forest and Navestock.


Comments:
Essex stronghold nationally, recorded from Brightlingsea, Langenhoe Hall, Hadleigh Marsh and Harold Hill.


Comments:
Post 1979 records from south of Colchester, and Canvey Northwick (2002)


Comments:
Post 1979 records from northeast Essex and Canvey Northwick (2002)


Comments:
First recognised in Britain in 1995. Recorded in Essex from Fingringhoe Wick (Hodge & Grayson, 1996; Grayson, 1997) and Copt Hall (Grayson, 1997)


Comments:
Rare coastal species associated with Limonium-dominated saltmarsh.


Comments:
Scarce in Essex. Recorded from Dagnam Park and Harold Hill, Epping Forest and Weald Park.


Comments:
Probably small localised populations. Recorded from Barking Levels (now almost completely lost to development), Danbury, South Stifford, Walthamstow Marshes and Epping Forest.


Comments:
Recorded from Dagnam Park, Epping Forest and Laindon.


Comments:
Restricted to dunes, recorded from Colne Point.


Comments:
Restricted to dune/heath habitat. Recorded from dune-like PFA lagoon habitat at Barking Levels (now destroyed) and Chafford Hundred (area now built on).


Comments:
Recorded from Epping Forest, Brentwood, Hadleigh Great Wood and Thurrock.


Comments:
Restricted to dunes. Recorded from Colne Point and Crabknowe Spit.


Comments:
12 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 6 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Commoner on the chalk


Comments:
Recorded from Chafford Hundred in Thurrock, now mostly built on.


Comments:
Single Essex record (1933 London Naturalist). Genuinely rare.


Comments:
Old record from Passingford Bridge, Stapleford by C.O. Hammond in Len Parmenter card index BM - should be treated with caution.


Comments:
Shaded woodland. Scarce in Essex, recorded from Grays Chalk Quarry, Epping Forest and Hatfield Forest.


Comments:
Genuinely scarce in Essex. Three records, from City of London Cemetary, St Mary's Nature Reserve (West Ham) and Laindon.


Comments:
Genuinely uncommon, records from Great Sampford and Hatfield Forest.


Comments:
Old woodland. Scarce in Essex, records from Epping Forest and Gamages Wood near Saffron Walden.


Comments:
Rare in Essex, only recorded from Alsa Sand Pit and Epping Forest.


Comments:
Scarce in Essex, records from Benfleet Downs, Dagnam Park and Roding Valley Meadows.


Comments:
Wetland species. Scarce in Essex, records from Basildon, Epping Forest and Rowhedge.


Comments:
Restricted to dunes. Recorded from Colne Point and East Mersea.


Comments:
Restricted to dunes. Recorded from Colne Point.


Comments:
Essex 1900-1949 record; VC18 pre-1970 record. Associated with saline lagoons (Saline lagoon working group 2001)


Comments:
1 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 1 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive.


Comments:
Hatfield Forest, 2000 AB Drane (K. Alexander, pers. comm.).


Comments:
Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; extinct


Comments:
Known from two sites in the county. Fobbing Marshes where it has been recorded since 1972 and a borrow dyke at Barling, where it may now have gone owing to pollution. It has not been recorded from Benfleet Marsh since 1947. A nationally rare hoverfly with


Comments:
declining, now confined to a few patches in Epping and Hainault Forests


Comments:
16 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 8 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Often with Orchis morio which is included on the list


Comments:
8 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 6 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Very scattered in ancient woodlands only


Comments:
Only one known site, Great Bendysh Wood (1982). The coniferous wood has wide rides. Several rare hoverflies occur there.


Comments:
11 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 4 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Chalk grassland


Comments:
6 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 5 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Very rare


Comments:
15 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 8 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Probably garden escapes


Comments:
scattering of sporadic records as arable weed


Comments:
Supposedly seen in Blackmore area in 1974, but has not been refound despite a 6-figure grid reference and extensive searches by Alan Wake, Ted Benton and others. May have been a misidentification for O. viridulus, which has a similar stridulation.


Comments:
Very well distributed nationally, but a scarce Essex species. 36 1km records since 1980 spread over 17 10km squares. The insect is absent from the eastern half of the county. It occurs in heathy areas particularly in the Epping  area where half the record


Comments:
A wide distribution over Great Britain and Ireland occurring to the far north of Scotland and the Western Isles. However in Essex it is a rare insect with key habitat sites at a premium. Just eight 1km records since 1980 spread in six 10km squares. Two fu


Comments:
Recorded from Epping Forest in 1999 and 2000, the last previous record being 1922. An ancient woodland species associated with rotting oak. Resembles a hive bee so could be overlooked.


Comments:
only known from Dagenham Chase, possibly overlooked


Comments:
Translocation of colony from lost Mill Wood Pit site may still just survive.


Comments:
spectacular decline in the last 20 yrs, now very rare


Comments:
27 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 13 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Rivers, occasionally ponds


Comments:
32 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 11 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Ditto above


Comments:
A greenish-brown water beetle approx 9mm long. Occurs in freshwater ditches, fens and ponds. Found mainly in the south-east, though its range includes Devon, Glamorgan and Lincolnshire.


Comments:
3 recent records. 2 from ancient woodland and one from a gravel pit near Bishops Stortford.


Comments:
along Bourne Brook, Greensted Green/Marks Hall area


Comments:
scattered alien sites inland, probably native on the coast in Essex.


Comments:
31 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 12 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Commoner on the chalk of the NW


Comments:
Tiptree Heath & Roman River Valley, introd.Galleywood & Fingringhoe Wick


Comments:
Apart from a site in Colchester all recent records are from the Grays - Thurrock area from chalk pits and adjacent areas many of which are threatened by development.


Comments:
6 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 4 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Possibly overlooked or else now very rare


Comments:
drastic decline due to heathland flailing, handful of sites


Comments:
The capture of this rare and mainly westem species in a garden in Harold Wood strongly suggests the presence of a population in nearby Dagnam Park.


Comments:
12 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 7 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Rare and only in very good semi-natural habitat


Comments:
two established (planted colonies) plus numerous sporadic casual plants


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 pre-1970 record; VC19 pre-1970 record. First post-1950 record Pitsea 2000.


Comments:
Hatfield Forest, 1968 PH (K. Alexander, pers. comm.).


Comments:
though to be native on chalk at Wendens Ambo, otherwise occasional as garden throughout


Comments:
A widely distributed corixid in Britain, common in the north and west in moorland and mountain pools, becoming very local in the south and east, in base-deficient waters.


Comments:
National trend: Increase. Hatfield Forest, 2002, (K. Alexander, pers. comm.).


Comments:
National trend: Past decline, currently uncertain


Comments:
National trend: Past decline, possibly now stable


Comments:
National trend: Possible recent increase


Comments:
National trend: Past decline; possible recent increase


Comments:
*only known from Barking PFA site, now destroyed for housing.


Comments:
prey includes Clubionidae spiders. Record needs confirmation. Site now destroyed by development.


Comments:
recorded prey Segestria. Record needs confirmation. Site now destroyed by development.


Comments:
prey Lycosidae, Gnaphosidae and Pisauridae


Comments:
site may be destroyed (Chafford Hundred)


Comments:
preys on weevils, recent work shows should be Nb


Comments:
Record needs confirmation. Site now destroyed by development.


Comments:
Much increased in frequency during last few years


Comments:
forages on legumes. Recent work shows should be Nb


Comments:
forages on yellow composites. One record from Thurrock.


Comments:
cp on Andrena flavipes. Much increased in frequency during last decade.


Comments:
cp on Andrena labiata. A modern record from Mill Wood Pit needs confirmation. Site destroyed by development.


Comments:
38 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 12 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Often in churchyards or old walls


Comments:
14 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 3 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. More frequent on the chalky boulder clays


Comments:
13 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 9 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive.


Comments:
scattering of sites, but rapidly declining due to drainage/overgrowing of boggy sites


Comments:
several sites in Epping Forest, but sporadic, and pond on Tiptree Heath


Comments:
drastic decline, only 2-3 recent records


Comments:
Confined in Essex to ancient woodland or parkland with old trees. All records are from Dagnam, Weald,  Thomdon Park and Hylands Park. A fly associated with ancient trees where the larvae feed in sap runs. Nationally it is only known from a handful of site


Comments:
4 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 3 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Very rare in acid grassland


Comments:
abundant in Epping Forest but declining elsewhere in the county


Comments:
very local on the coast, but now spreading inland along salted verges


Comments:
36 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 6 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Coastal saltmarsh; could be more frequent


Comments:
There are no post 1980 records. It has only been recorded from Tiptree Heath (1972) but could easily be overlooked.


Comments:
drastic decline, likely to be on the verge of extinction within the next few decades


Comments:
16 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 8 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Not a common fern whatever subspecies


Comments:
somewhat sporadic on shingle and cliffs, Colne Point round to Walton


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 1970-on record. ETC. Alsa Sand Pit (?now destroyed)


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 1970-on record; VC19 1970-on record. Canvey, Vange Heights


Comments:
probably under recorded, but declining due to loss of short damp grassland


Comments:
probably now extinct, last known site ploughed up


Comments:
8 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 4 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. A few ancient woodlands, mainly Marks Hall


Comments:
extinct, formerly in several places including Epping Forest


Comments:
15 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 10 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Restricted in NEE due to lack of lack of suitable micro-habitat in rivers


Comments:
scattered records, overlooked short grassland


Comments:
The White-clawed Crayfish is listed in Schedule 5 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (taking and sale only), Appendix III of the Bern Convention and Annexes II and V of the EC Habitats Directive. It is classed as Globally Threatened by IUCN/WCMC. Th


Comments:
Seems to be confined to a particular brackish interface.


Comments:
Hatfield Forest, 1999 AB Drane (K. Alexander, pers. comm.).


Comments:
40 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 10 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Short turf on sandy acid soils


Comments:
rapidly decling due to infilling of ponds


Comments:
now confined to Epping Forest, planted in a few ponds elsewhere


Comments:
2 recent records at opposite ends of the county (Claybury near Woodford and Copperas Wood). Requires woods where Ramsons (Allium ursinum) is common.


Comments:
Only 4-5 Essex 1987-1999 10km squares shown in the New Atlas of the British and Irish Flora. An important Basildon plant.


Comments:
pond on Fairmead, Epping Forest, and Crowney Wood


Comments:
2 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 2 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive.


Comments:
Great Easton & Felstead (Wake 2000) - collected by Harvey


Comments:
status uncertain, through to be declining


Comments:
only now found in the Cam, lost recently from the Stort due to boat pollution


Comments:
Essex 1900-1949 record; VC18 pre-1970 record; VC19 pre-1970 record. An itinerant species occasionally found in SE England, probably never truly resident (P. Mabbott, pers. comm.).


Comments:
classic site on verge and field margins, Strethall Field, garden escape elsewhere


Comments:
9 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 4 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Commoner on the chalk


Comments:
Grays Chalk pit and settling ponds at Grays (West Thurrock PFA lagoons)


Comments:
Known recently only from the Grays area where it is found in woodland or scrub on the chalk. Many of the sites are earmarked for development or may be threatened in the future.


Comments:
rapid decline over the last five years, spreads vegetatively


Comments:
rapidly declining, the only recent records are from Danbury area


Comments:
40 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 16 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive.


Comments:
33 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 11 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive.


Comments:
pre-1961 record shown for South Essex in Marshall & Haes1988


Comments:
Recorded at Southend Sewage Works by A. Knowles in 199?. No record shown for Essex in Marshall & Haes1988


Comments:
One modern record Colne Point (collected by Harvey 1991 in pitfall traps). Parasite at Crabknowe Spit? -check. Pre-1961 record shown for South & North Essex in Marshall & Haes1989.


Comments:
now confined to one Wake Valley Pond, Epping Forest


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 pre-1970 record; VC19 pre-1970 record. Hatfield Forest, 2000 AB Drane (K. Alexander, pers. comm.).


Comments:
Doubtful record. Essex Pre-1900 record; VC19 pre-1970 record.


Comments:
Water beetle. Local species occurring in standing water.


Comments:
3 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 3 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Chalk


Comments:
virtually extinct on chalky boulder clay, a few scattered sites on chalk of the N W


Comments:
Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; planted only


Comments:
10 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 5 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Main population is in a few places along the Colne at Colchester


Comments:
4 recent sites, all in the west of the county (incl. Anchor Field, W. Thurrock 2002). There is also an un-checked record from Danbury.


Comments:
Remarkable occurrence in numbers at Howlands Marsh, N.Essex, confirmed by Steve Hopkin.


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 1970-on record; VC19 pre-1970 record. 3rd county record Aveley Bay 2000. Belton Hills 2001.


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 pre-1970 record; VC19 pre-1970 record. Vange Heights 2001. Only 2 previous pre-1970 Essex records.


Comments:
Doubtful record. Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 pre-1970 record.


Comments:
35 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 13 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. One of a suite of ferns declining due to repairs to walls


Comments:
8 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 4 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Mainly churchyards and a couple of ancient woodlands


Comments:
very rare, but locally plentiful as in Dagnam Park and on the N W Chalk


Comments:
Known from old parkland, Epping Forest and a London cemetery.


Comments:
Only 2 recent sites, the last recorded was in 1980 (Benfleet Downs).


Comments:
24 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 11 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Declining due to loss of suitable microhabitat by rivers


Comments:
c.6 sites across the county, several of them destroyed in recent years


Comments:
Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; as introduction only


Comments:
Old record from Goldhanger, recent record from Colne Point.


Comments:
3 recent records are concentrated close to the river Ingreboume at Rainham, another is from near Colchester.


Comments:
36 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 12 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Aquatics are not that plentiful in NEE


Comments:
16 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 7 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Chalk


Comments:
Known recently only from one captured in a malaise trap in a garden in Harold Wood. Its presence may indicate a population in nearby Dagnam Park. Larvae live in sap runs and adults are known to be elusive.


Comments:
23 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 10 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Declined; only now on good quality acid grassland sites or woodland rides


Comments:
First recorded as British in Essex in ??. Now known from a number of localities. Spreading in southern Britain.


Comments:
Confined in Essex to peaty, boggy areas in Epping Forest. Scarce in East England.


Comments:
One female was caught in May 2000, the first record since 1947 (Ismay 2001). Adults are notoriously elusive possibly inhabiting the tree canopy. Larvae live in rot holes in ancient trees. An ancient woodland indicator species.


Comments:
very rare, only seen recently at Galleywood Common


Comments:
3 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 2 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Very rare


Comments:
declining, Mersea, Colne Point- St Osyth, Dovercourt, Shoebury


Comments:
First polecat record was in autumn 1999 - a genuine individual considered to be related to Herts polecats which were re-introduced there in around 1982.  The record was from west of Saffron Walden and was identified from slides sent to Johnny Birks of the


Comments:
Declining nationally including around London


Comments:
Declining. Evidence of large decline in eastern England (?climatic) relict pops threatened by intensive farming especially in this area.


Comments:
A spire shell. Specialist saline lagoon species (JNCC 1996). Habitat under threat nationally. BAP species of conservation concern. Some local declines in UK


Comments:
A spire shell. Specialist saline lagoon species (JNCC 1996). Habitat under threat nationally. BAP species of conservation concern. Coastal dykes S side Hamford Water BAP (Wilson 2001). Local nationally though under-recorded.


Comments:
Only R. Roding, Barking Creek in Essex, declining nationally.


Comments:
Looping snail. Fairly fresh empty shells found. National BAP species of conservation concern


Comments:
Presence indicates probable rich mollusc assemblage


Comments:
Ancient woodland. Local decline nationally


Comments:
5 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 5 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Possibly overlooked or else now very rare


Comments:
Wood pasture, temporary pools in riparian woodlands. Declining nationally Essex extinct?


Comments:
3 post-1980 tetrads (out of 1074). and 1 pre-1980 record


Comments:
0 post-1980 tetrads (out of 1074). 5 pre-1980 records


Comments:
1 post-1980 tetrads (out of 1074). and 5 pre-1980 records


Comments:
1 post-1980 tetrads (out of 1074). and 1 pre-1980 record


Comments:
Relict distribution, not declining overall but several old Essex records not refound.


Comments:
0 post-1980 tetrads (out of 1074). 1 pre-1980 record


Comments:
1 post-1980 tetrads (out of 1074). 9 pre-1980 records


Comments:
0 post-1980 tetrads (out of 1074). 6 pre-1980 records


Comments:
Essex extinct? Catastrophic decline nationally


Comments:
0 post-1980 tetrads (out of 1074). 2 pre-1980 record


Comments:
22 post-1980 tetrads (out of 1074). and 12 pre-1980 records


Comments:
0 post-1980 tetrads (out of 1074). 11 pre-1980 records


Comments:
2 post-1980 tetrads (out of 1074). and 2 pre-1980 records


Comments:
Now comprises two species C.edentula (Draparnaud) and C.aspera (Walden ), both present in the county but formerly not separated and under-recorded but some evidence of decline in Essex


Comments:
Lowland populations threatened by agriculture nationally


Comments:
Declining nationally, rare around London where our Essex record is


Comments:
Threatened nationally by agriculture and climate change. Sawbridgeworth Marsh only Essex site


Comments:
Epping Forest, presence confirmed Alexander 2000 (pers. comm.)


Comments:
Purfleet only Essex site. Declining nationally


Comments:
Essex extinct? Declining nationally ?atmospheric pollution


Comments:
naturalised SW only N.B. may be only a variety of the above


Comments:
Declines nationally possibly ancient introduction


Comments:
Becoming scarcer in intensively farmed areas nationally


Comments:
German hairy snail. An important population in Essex on the River Roding (J. Light, pers. comm.). A population forming an important stronghold was found in 2003 in reed beds on the Channelsea River, a watercourse that feeds into the Lower Lee, in West Ha


Comments:
Declining? Becoming rarer in intensively arable lowland areas nationally


Comments:
Decline nationally due to intensive agriculture, collecting etc


Comments:
Declined in Essex,  and in some areas nationally


Comments:
Scarcer nationally in intensively farmed areas


Comments:
scarce, Canvey, Shoebury, Mersea, Colne Point-St Osyth, Walton-Doverecourt


Comments:
a sedge of acid heath, rapidly declining due to loss of habitat


Comments:
very rare, one recent record from Boreham, otherwise possibly now extinct


Comments:
Small brownish yellow water beetle found in freshwater ponds and ditches. Recorded south of a line from the Wash to the Bristol Channel, with a few outlying records for S. Wales. Most frequent in grazing levels.


Comments:
Not recorded since 1916. Usually a species of coniferous woodland.


Comments:
Essex 1900-1949 record; VC19 pre-1970 record. Associated with saline lagoons (Saline lagoon working group 2001)


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC19 pre-1970 record. Belton Hills 2001. Only previous Essex record for "Essex coast" by Harwood (1903).


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 pre-1970 record; VC19 1970-on record. including Belton Hills 2001.


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 1970-on record; VC19 pre-1970 record. widespread in ETC


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 1970-on record. 3rd county record Aveley Bay 2000.


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC19 pre-1970 record. 3rd county record Canvey 2000.


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 1970-on record; VC19 pre-1970 record. Belton Hills 2001. Old records in Southend area


Comments:
15 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 10 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Few records from grass verges, Frinton cliff


Comments:
23 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 7 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Restricted to the better heathlands and some remnants in woodland glades; declined


Comments:
archeophyte, sporadic, but not infrequent.


Comments:
unconfirmed record from Rainham Marshes (Grazing Marshes Survey)


Comments:
extinct, the only site destroyed by new bridleway at Peppers Green


Comments:
3 recent records, very scattered, Fobbing Marsh (grazing marsh), Maldon (saltmarsh) and Tilty (semi-improved grassland).


Comments:
No records since 1971. Apart from a very early record (1776 - Moses Harris) from West Tilbury, all other records from 1871 up until 1971 are from Hadleigh Downs. The habitat may now have been destroyed by agricultural 'improvements'.


Comments:
a rare grass of damp meadows, declining rapidly


Comments:
very rare and declining, arable on calcareous soils and on coastal sands


Comments:
very rare, on N W Chalk, one site (introduced?) Grays


Comments:
drastic decline due to ploughing of damp grassland, current status uncertain


Comments:
49 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 16 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Declining from arable and waste grounds


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC19 pre-1970 record. First post-1950 record Aveley Bay 2000.


Comments:
15 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 9 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Now only in really good semi-natural grassland sites


Comments:
3 recent records, all in the west of the county.


Comments:
declining rapidly on Chalky Boulder Clay (verge flailing), plus a few sites on chalk


Comments:
declining rapidly due to loss of old grassland, mowing in June-July eliminates it


Comments:
rare, declining due to loss of small clean ponds


Comments:
Recorded from nine tetrad squares, but only one known breeding site.


Comments:
opened up acid bogs, only seen recently in Epping Forest and Galleywood Common


Comments:
12 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 8 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Declined due to loss of good wetland habitat


Comments:
11 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 5 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Commoner on the chalk


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 1970-on record. Associated with saline lagoons (Saline lagoon working group 2001)


Comments:
Brian Eversham Old River Lee 1983 (Benton 1988).


Comments:
37 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 14 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive.


Comments:
Schedule 8 species Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981; one extant site in Essex


Comments:
spreading, alien? In the last 3 years there have been four records in NE Essex - Thorpe Park, Maldon cemetery, Maldon road verge, Gt Horkesley orchard.


Comments:
Only 4 scattered post 1970 sites. Most records from Thorndon Park.


Comments:
Schedule 8 species Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981. Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; Schedule 8 species Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981; extinct native, 2 old records, last seen 1939.


Comments:
3 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 2 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Very rare, main site is Tiptree Heath


Comments:
only a few scattered sites, doubtfully native, all apparently male


Comments:
6 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 3 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Tends to be a casual


Comments:
Old record, and unconfirmed record for Claybury Hospital 1981.


Comments:
4 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 4 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Very rare


Comments:
rare but overlooked, short turf areas Grays, Shoebury, St Osyth


Comments:
Possible rare migrant. Not recorded since 1893. A very rare British fly found sporadically, mainly in coniferous woods.


Comments:
Tiger beetle rare in Essex, a good indicator for heathland management. Nationally it is found in areas with bare ground or sparse vegetation such as sandy heath, moorland, clay pits and quarry spoil heaps, always in sunny situations. Adults are active in


Comments:
declining rapidly due to drainage, except in Epping forest


Comments:
Host: Quercus, late 20th century colonist


Comments:
Host: Centaurea scabiosa L., Greater knapweed


Comments:
Host: Pilosella officinarum F.Schultz & Schultz-Bip [= Hieracium pilosella], Mouse-eared hawkweed


Comments:
Host: Tragopogon pratensis L., Goatsbeard.


Comments:
Host: Papaver rhoeas L., Common poppy, P.dubium L., Long-headed poppy.


Comments:
Host: Centaurea scabiosa L., Greater knapweed.


Comments:
Host: Potentilla erecta (L.) Rausch, Tormentil, Potentilla anglica Laich., Trailing tormentil


Comments:
Host: Rubus fruticosus agg., blackberry; R.caesius L., Dewberry


Comments:
Host: Quercus robur in A. legitimus galls.


Comments:
Host: R. canina agg. wild rose, Rosa rubiginosa  L. Sweet briar, [Rosa pimpinellifolia L. Burnet rose]


Comments:
Epping Forest (declining), Tiptree Heath & Roman River valley


Comments:
A large chalcid wasp which parasitises the aquatic larvae of the larger soldier flies Stratiomys spp. Distribution: Kent, Essex - Noted from Essex in Ferrière and Kerrich (1958): Handbooks for the identification of British insects, Hymenoptera, Chalcidoid


Comments:
A parasite of the larger Soldier flies, the RDB2 Stratiomys longicornis, or the Nationally Scarce species S. singularior, S. potamida. Recorded from Tilbury (R.G. Payne 1984), Aveley Marshes (P.R. Harvey 2000).


Comments:
Recorded from Hylands Park by M.W. Hanson 2002


Comments:
Hatfield Forest, 2000 AB Drane & 2002 KNAA (K. Alexander, pers. comm.).


Comments:
3 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 3 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Very rare


Comments:
28 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 12 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Declining due to loss of good semi-natural habitat


Comments:
massive decline since the Gibson era, single site at Shoebury


Comments:
Mainly calcareous areas. Known recently only from the Grays area. It is known from the chalk pits and Brannetts Wood. Many of its sites are threatened by development.


Comments:
16 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 5 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Introduced


Comments:
25 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 9 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. A few ponds, mainly in woodlands


Comments:
rare, scattered records, except along the Roding and Lee where it is plentiful


Comments:
a single extant colony in Epping Forest is the last in the county


Comments:
20 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 7 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Few sites on the main rivers with suitable substrate


Comments:
16 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 8 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Some farm and woodland ponds


Comments:
25 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 11 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. One of a suite of ferns declining due to repairs to walls


Comments:
15 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 9 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Some of these records are introductions but there are a few which appear native; declined due to loss of damp meadows


Comments:
Extinct but re-established at several sites.


Comments:
3 recent records. Requires ancient woodland/parkland.


Comments:
in a few remaining meadows on the chalk of the N W


Comments:
2 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 1 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive.


Comments:
extinct, last seen 1965 (frequenly confused with Sherardia arvensis)


Comments:
2 oldish records, but status doubtful as to whether ever been a native species in the county. Nationally very rare. In Essex there are just three 1km records but two are suspected to be for the same record at Tilbury for 1961 and prior. The other well doc


Comments:
Nationally scarce and probably decreasing due to demolition/refurbishment of old, warm and dirty Victorian type dwellings. Rare in Essex although maintaining status probably due to increase in recording. Is found on refuse heaps sometimes in great numbers


Comments:
sporadic in waterlogged arable field by the coast


Comments:
29 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 12 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive.


Comments:
Only one Essex record from Canfield Hart near Takely (1986). It is associated with sap runs on poplars and this wood also supports other rare species associated with sap runs.


Comments:
One recent record from High Woods, Colchester (1988). This was a very species-rich area a hundred years ago. It flies in early spring and could be overlooked.


Comments:
7 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 5 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Chalk grassland


Comments:
Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; garden escape


Comments:
45 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 14 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Ditto above but probably overlooked in many ponds


Comments:
still widespread, but scattered and decling rapidly due to loss of sandy grassland


Comments:
3 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 2 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Only frequent around Lawford


Comments:
in several ponds on Epping Forest, one recent record for pond at Wimbish


Comments:
very local, scattering of records, not seen in Vc18 recently


Comments:
9 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 8 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Very sporadic


Comments:
May be declining with habitat loss due to 'brownfield' policies, especially in the East Thames Corridor region.


Comments:
An egg layer which may make it vulnerable


Comments:
Many Thames Estuary sites are threatened by development and/or neglect. Some apparent decline in coastal marshes of N.E. Essex.


Comments:
scattered sites, apparently increasing rapidly, possibly due to decline in air pollution


Comments:
Water beetle. Common in fens in northern Britain but extremely local in southern England in vernal pools with sedge or rush litter and mud.


Comments:
2 recent records, widely separated. One a cemetery, the other a gravel pit.


Comments:
scattered on the chalk and chalky boulder clay, declining


Comments:
fluctuating in abundance, mainly on walls, handful of sites


Comments:
scattered along the Thames foothills olus a few sites inland


Comments:
7 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 6 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Chalk


Comments:
35 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 10 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Chalk


Comments:
21 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 11 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. A few scattered ponds


Comments:
inexplicably rare in Essex, only a handful of sites


Comments:
now very rare, due to destruction of sedge beds


Comments:
single record from Sunshine Plain Epping Forest, not seen recently


Comments:
47 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 16 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. One of a suite of ferns declining due to repairs to walls


Comments:
46 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 16 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive.


Comments:
29 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 9 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Ancient woodland


Comments:
15 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 8 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Large decline?


Comments:
a rare tree, only a few scattered sites, declining due to habitat loss


Comments:
Purse-web spider. Old record from Epping Forest. Modern records from Grays Chalk Quarry, West Tilbury and Hadleigh Castle.


Comments:
Populations at Stanford Warren and Old Hall Marshes.


Comments:
Essex a unique saltmarsh form is the only one recorded


Comments:
Only known from shingle in Blackwater and Colne estuaries.


Comments:
Old record for Epping Forest and dubious record from Colchester area


Comments:
Only known site at Barking PFA lagoons destroyed


Comments:
Old unlocalised record for Southend area shown in Locket, Millidge & Merrett, 1974.


Comments:
Rediscovered in Essex in 2001 at Foulness


Comments:
Expanding range in southern Britain. Now widespread in suitable habitat in the East Thames Corridor.


Comments:
Nationally important populations in Essex


Comments:
Old dubious old record from Colne Point.


Comments:
Only known in the county from Colne Point and Shoebury Old Ranges.


Comments:
New to Britain collected in 1997 at Temple Mills, site now at least partly destroyed by road and further development.


Comments:
Should be considered native and Notable/Na


Comments:
Only known from Bures Hamlet in Britain, where it was found on a number of occasions on an ivy covered wall. The ivy was cut back several years ago and the current status is unknown.


Comments:
3 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 2 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Probably introduced


Comments:
6 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 5 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Few scattered records


Comments:
20 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 11 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Few damp woodlands


Comments:
20 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 9 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Very scattered in a few woodland sites


Comments:
drastic decline due to loss of acid grasslands


Comments:
A sawfly of wetlands. Associated with Carex. Scarce. Recorded from Mill Meadows (P.R. Harvey 2000, determined A. Halstead)


Comments:
on verge of extinction due to Crassula helmsii blankets


Comments:
Numerous at Belton Hills (2001), also Benfleet/Canvey.


Comments:
40 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 14 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive.


Comments:
Considered extinct in Essex for a hundred years until very recently when it was taken in a garden in Lexden, Colchester near to its original site.There are very few British records of this fly, so any Essex population is of regional importance. The life h


Comments:
declining, only a scattering of sites, mainly coastal


Comments:
sporadic, around diary farmyards, less common than formerly


Comments:
Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; planted/escaped


Comments:
31 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 7 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Declining; occasionally along sea wall


Comments:
31 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 12 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive.


Comments:
Although a common species in many parts of Britain, this species is apparently extremely rare in Essex. There is only one recent record (Fingringhoe). A specimen collected from Ardleigh in N.E. Essex has recently also been determined as belonging to this


Comments:
still present in a few ponds in Epping Forest


Comments:
23 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 13 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Dry well-drained banks


Comments:
15 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 10 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive.


Comments:
12 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 7 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Drastic decline since Gibson’s time due to loss of damp meadows


Comments:
19 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 13 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Often near woodland ponds


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 pre-1970 record. Denton 2000


Comments:
very rare, being hybridised out of existence, Epping Forest, Tiptree Heath


Comments:
one permanent site near Littlebury, occasional as a casual elsewhere


Comments:
some decline, churchyards and private lawns


Comments:
15 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 5 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Restricted to dry sandy acid soils on heathland


Comments:
inexplicably rare, Epping Forest/South Weald/Hatfield Broad Oak/Audley End


Comments:
scattering of records on acid soils, declining, particularly in Epping Forest.


Comments:
Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; former established arable archeophyte, now extinct except as casual.


Comments:
Schedule 8 species Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981. Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; Schedule 8 species Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981; extinct native, last record  ??.


Comments:
Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; extinct. Once present on Bartlow Hills.


Comments:
Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; single casual record, Harwich date?


Comments:
confined to the chalk and calcareous gravel pits, declining due to habitat destruction


Comments:
23 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 11 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Only frequent on sandy well-drained soils


Comments:
Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; former probable native, sandy arable fields, now extinct in Britain.


Comments:
Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; planted neophyte


Comments:
23 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 7 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Coastal; only 3 more montads than sea holly


Comments:
only a few scattered bushes left, decling due to grubbing of hedges


Comments:
Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; reverted escape


Comments:
probably extinct, as elsewhere in Britain, last seen c.1970.


Comments:
Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; endemic, distinct B. hordeaceous mutant, 3 old Essex records.


Comments:
Schedule 8 species Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981; unique to Essex, only one site in UK, now extinct in the wild


Comments:
Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; former widespread arable, archaeophyte, now extinct in UK


Comments:
20 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 5 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Coastal sands; same no. of records as sea holly


Comments:
Schedule 8 species Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981. Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; Schedule 8 species Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981; former Essex native, now extinct.


Comments:
10 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 6 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive.


Comments:
41 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 14 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive.


Comments:
a small scattering of woods in north central Essex


Comments:
probably overlooked, one record from Harlow


Comments:
4 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 4 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive.


Comments:
9 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 7 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Only on the ‘best’ heathland sites


Comments:
6 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 2 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive.


Comments:
Schedule 8 species Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981; one extant site in Essex.


Comments:
extinct in the wild in UK, reintroduced from Essex seed at one site.


Comments:
probably now extinct, the numerous plants at Warley have all been stolen


Comments:
formerly widespread, probably introduced, extinct?


Comments:
very local on chalk of north west Essex.


Comments:
probably overlooked in Essex, one record 1967?????


Comments:
Schedule 8 species Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981. Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; Schedule 8 species Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981; occurs at Upminster as garden escape.


Comments:
single site in Essex (post 1987) and UK.


Comments:
Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; former rlw line casual in Essex, now extinct.


Comments:
only a scattering of records, probably overlooked


Comments:
2 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 1 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Liston pits only


Comments:
Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; error, the record from Epping Forest 1976 refers to a hybrid taxon.


Comments:
Schedule 8 species Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981; one Essex site, large  population at Fobbing.


Comments:
has spread out from the original introduction at Warley Place


Comments:
supposedly introd. to Hadleigh Downs,  possibly native along the Thames Valley


Comments:
Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; only occurs as a garden escape in  Essex.


Comments:
1 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 1 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Parkeston


Comments:
Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; only non-native planted or bird sown populations in Essex


Comments:
Schedule 8 species Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981; single record, arable, Barnston, 1964.


Comments:
48 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 9 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Coastal sands


Comments:
Schedule 8 species Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981; long established archeophyte, now extinct in Essex.


Comments:
Rare but scattered in N.W. Essex around Saffron Walden.


Comments:
Schedule 8 species Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981. Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; Schedule 8 species Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981; formerly  native in Essex, extinct from c.196, occas


Comments:
Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; garden escape/casual in Essex only.


Comments:
22 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 10 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Ditto above


Comments:
rapidly declining due to heathland flailing, only now known from Danbury area


Comments:
declining due to scrubbing over of chalk pit and woodland sites


Comments:
rapidly declining due to flailing of heathaland


Comments:
handful of sites, declining due to heathalnd flailing


Comments:
established at Warley Place (only 2 sites in UK)


Comments:
Only one previous Essex record (pre-1950).


Comments:
well established seed bank,Cranham area, appears in millions on pea crops


Comments:
11 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 7 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. A few scattered old trees


Comments:
Essex endemic, c. 3-4  tiny populations.


Comments:
inexplicably rare in Essex, known from c.5 verges on chalk around Chesterford


Comments:
One county record (1993) from Little Burstead Common. A relatively little known fly.


Comments:
2 sites in Epping Forest, very sporadic and absent in some years


Comments:
a scarce plant of woodland rides, declining due to lack of coppicing


Comments:
5 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 4 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Chalk


Comments:
almost extinct, recorded from c. 4 sites in recent decades


Comments:
27 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 11 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Declined, borrow dykes, etc


Comments:
Known in Essex from one specimen caught at Shoeburyness on Ministry of Defence land and one male at Canvey Northwick. The very few British records have all been coastal and most of them have been in the Thames area.


Comments:
endemic to Epping Forest, nearly extinct.


Comments:
frequent locally on the chalk around Grays, virtually absent elsewhere


Comments:
Recent records from Walton Naze and Colne Point.


Comments:
One post 1970 record from Great Bendysh Wood (1988). This is one of the few large, mainly coniferous woods, in the county and appears to be an important site for species associated with conifers.


Comments:
Whirligig Beetle. Associated with running water where it is found in the shade of overhanging banks of gravelly streams. A mainly northern and western species with few records in the south and east.


Comments:
44 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 7 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Coastal sands


Comments:
31 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 13 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Generally associated with churchyards or country lanes not far from villages


Comments:
49 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 14 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Restricted due to lack of decent freshwater in NEE


Comments:
This species has a national distribution largely centred on London and the south-east extending westwards along the south coast. In Essex it is a local species but by no means rare. It is described as nationally scarce (notable).


Comments:
very rare, declining, only recent records from Stort valley and Dagenham Chase


Comments:
drastic decline as cornfirld weed, likely to become extinct over the next 2-3 decades


Comments:
decreasing, scattered remnants, formerly widespread, arable.


Comments:
18 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 10 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Not common; usually now only in semi-natural habitats with small pools and ponds such as Friday Woods


Comments:
Recorded from 4 tetrads in Epping Forest only. No sign of decline there?, but completely dependent on Epping Forest management strategy.


Comments:
24 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 7 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Restricted to dry acid soils in woodland rides or on heathland


Comments:
7 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 3 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Damp grassland species; loss of habitat


Comments:
38 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 15 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Ditto above


Comments:
a drastic decline except on the cahlk, status needs reassessing


Comments:
high proportion of U.K. population.Rare, coastal.


Comments:
12 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 7 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive.


Comments:
Schedule 8 species Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981; former Essex native now casual, but good population found at two parts of Goshems Farm near Tilbury in 1997, where the plant is probably an old population that has persisted from much earlier times. Most


Comments:
Schedule 8 species Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981. Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; Schedule 8 species Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981; former Essex plant, now extinct in the wild in the U


Comments:
Schedule 8 species Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981; about five Essex sites still extant


Comments:
34 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 10 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Scattered urban


Comments:
25 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 8 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Scattered urban/brownfield sites


Comments:
4 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 3 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive.


Comments:
apparently overlooked, sporadic around Grays and in the NW


Comments:
2 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 2 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Chalk


Comments:
Schedule 8 species Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981. Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; Schedule 8 species Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981; formerly in Essex, now extinct.


Comments:
Schedule 8 species Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981. Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; Schedule 8 species Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981; formerly occurred in Essex, now extinct.


Comments:
Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; one erroneous record see Orchis militaris


Comments:
declining, on verges and field margins on the chalk of the N W


Comments:
Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; extinct in Britain, formerly on sandy shore Osea island, Gerrard 1597.


Comments:
14 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 7 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive.


Comments:
now confined to a single patch in Epping Forest


Comments:
not really threatened, huge population in Essex around Hamford water.


Comments:
Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; formerly at Bartlow Hills, now extinct.


Comments:
10 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 6 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Rare, walls


Comments:
recently transferred to Nationally Scarce list. Southend area, widespread, 21 (see also RDB3).


Comments:
35 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 13 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Roadside and woodland edge banks on certain soils


Comments:
Schedule 8 species Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981. Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; Schedule 8 species Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981; formerly widespread in Essex, now extinct, last reco


Comments:
42 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 13 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Occasional in ponds


Comments:
only 2 recent records, drastic decline due to river pollution


Comments:
sporadic in marshy flushes, handful of records


Comments:
3 sites in Chigwell/Loughton area, one from Abberton Reservoir


Comments:
30 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 11 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive.


Comments:
11 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 8 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Commoner on the chalk


Comments:
14 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 6 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive.


Comments:
very rare, not recorded recently, needs reasssessing


Comments:
13 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 7 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive.


Comments:
introduced to the Blackwater estuary, persisting


Comments:
1 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 1 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Mersea pea, of local interest


Comments:
one well established site at Beeleigh, one recent record on road verge


Comments:
49 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 15 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Scattered records


Comments:
on verge of extinction, no recent records


Comments:
former native, now extinct, could recurr.


Comments:
6 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 5 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive.


Comments:
Schedule 8 species Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981. Long extinct species unlikely to re-occur, casual species, garden escapes or casual introductions; Schedule 8 species Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981; extinct, one old record.


Comments:
40 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 13 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Well drained substrate, scattered


Comments:
substantial colony established many years on Northey Island


Comments:
9 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 6 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive.


Comments:
28 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 12 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Many of the records are probably garden escapes


Comments:
7 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 5 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Restricted to a few heaths and patches of acid grassland


Comments:
local, largest U.K. population is in Essex.


Comments:
8 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 6 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Chalk grassland


Comments:
16 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 6 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Declined, coastal short turf


Comments:
19 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 5 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Coastal sands; less records than sea holly


Comments:
declining rapidly, only two recent reords


Comments:
19 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 6 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. One of a suite of ferns declining due to repairs to walls


Comments:
Formerly a rare migrant species. This hoverfly established itself in Britain in the London area during the 1950s. Since then it has become fairly frequent in south Essex near to the Thames where it is often found in gardens. Nationally it is still scarce


Comments:
formerly common as cornfield archeophyte on calcareous soils, declining rapidly


Comments:
Apparently only one old record (Colne Point?) & 1999 Aveley


Comments:
virtually absent from eastern Britain; seems v. rare in Essex


Comments:
record from Woodford Rubbish Tip TQ48; chalk or basic soils


Comments:
Temple Mills 1999. Site mainly destroyed.


Comments:
Colchester (1994), Saffron Walden (1969)


Comments:
At Hatfield Forest (Alexander, pers. comm.) and several other older records in N. Essex, together with an unlocalised 1930 record for Epping Forest.


Comments:
Essex Post-1969 record; VC18 pre-1970 record. Canvey 2001. No one other post-1950 Essex record.


Comments:
Known recently only from Stour and Copperas Woods. It has been found in woodland rides. Larvae feed inside the stems of Marsh Thistle (Cirsium palustre).


Comments:
Schedule 8 species Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981; newly discovered single site 1993?possibly  native


Comments:
Marked decline in many urban and suburban populations from late 1980s onwards. Marked contraction in range away from metropolitan SW. Change in house type human persecution and lack of mud have been cited. Rural population appear to be relatively stable b


Comments:
Decline noted nationally has affected Essex particularly inland populations since the late 1980s. It has now disappeared from many occupied tetrads inland in the SW and central Essex where it was widespread in the Atlas.


Comments:
38 monad (1k) records 1980-2001 inclusive; 14 hectad (10k) records 1980-2001 inclusive. Uncommon; in marshes and shallow pond edges


Comments:
Apparently extinct in Essex. Nationally declining


Comments:
drastic decline, only handful of sites, needs reassessing


Comments:
- probably now extinct in Essex (sites developed)


Comments:
- now extinct in Essex (site developed).


Comments:
- now extinct in Essex, exterminated in Epping Forest by hoggin ride laying.


Comments:
Until recently its occurrence in Essex was not confirmed, but it has now been found in the Grays area in south Essex at Blackshots Nature Area (2001), Anchor Field, West Thurrock (2003) and West Thurrock PFA north lagoon (2003).


Comments:
Discovered in Hatfield Forest (The Gravel Pit) in 2005


