SOLITARY BEES AND WASPS OF ESSEX. 89
Colchester district, Billericay. Sericea, Chr., on sand hills, gravel
paths, etc. ; local ; Billericay, Colchester district. Fulvago,
Chr., on hawkweeds on sandy soils ; Billericay, Colchester
district. Humilis, 1mh., on hawkweeds, local ; Billericay,
Colchester district (in hard pathways). Labialis, K., Billericay,
Hale End, St. Osyth, Southend, Colchester district. Coitana, K.,
local; visits Campanula, Malva, and white Umbellifera; Col-
chester district. Chrysosceles, K., Billericay, Colchester district.
Hattorfiana, F., local ; Alresford, Donyland, Lexden ; on Scabiosa
arvensis. Marginata, F., local and variable ; Aldham, Alresford ;
on Scabiosa and Centaurea. Cingulata, F., on Veronica ;
Billericay, Hale End, etc. Saundersella, Perk, common and
generally distributed ; prefers Veronica ; High Beach, etc.
Minutula, K. ; common. Dorsata, K., local ; on commons ;
1st brood on Veronica, fruit trees, etc. ; second brood on Bryony,
brambles and composites ; Billericay, Colchester district.
Similis, Sm., local, on commons ; on ground ivy, Veronica and
trefoils. Wilkella, K., on heavy soils ; Billericay, Hale End,
etc. ; prefers Leguminosae. Ovatula, K, Colchester district,
Billericay.
Cilissa. The bees of this genus burrow in sandy soil like the
Andrena, but do not form colonies, and they are not known to be
parasitised. Haemorrhoidalis, F., Colchester district, not common
and only found where the common harebell grows. Leporina,
Panz., Colchester district, local ; prefers Trifolium repens.,
tricincta, K. ; on Bartsia on railway banks, Colchester ; very
local.
Halictus, Latr. These species tunnel in the ground, several
tunnels sometimes having a common entrance. The bees are
very silent on the wing, and some give off a sweet scent. The
females hibernate in their burrows, appearing on the wing in
April, and both sexes are produced in August. Rubicundus, Chr.,
generally distributed ; Billericay, Hale End, Woodford, etc.
Xanthopus, K., Nitidus, Panz., Colchester district; both local.
Leucozonius, Schr., Quadrinotatus, K., Billericay, Colchester
district ; Calceatus, Sm., at bramble and other flowers ; common
everywhere. Albipes, K., generally distributed. Fulvicornis, K.,
Billericay, Hale End, etc. ; locally common. Villosulus, K.,
common on yellow composites. Pauperatus, Br., Colchester
district ; local. Nitidiusculus, K., Billericay, Colchester