VI.
The number of Mediterranean species (75) seems to
show that the colder conditions elsewhere shown by
the Red Crag, had not begun at the time of the
Walton deposit.
The greater antiquity of the Walton Crag deduced
from these facts, becomes a point of extreme interest
in connection with the evidence presently to be given,
of the existence of Man in these regions at the epoch
of its deposition.
The cliff, on either side of Walton tower, gives a
section about half-a-mile long, through the Crag to
the London Clay, the former moreover being gener-
ally divided from the gravel by a bedded loamy
deposit, that seems to be allied to the "Chillesford
Beds" of Suffolk, and has been classed as such by
two of our chief authorities in Crag geology, Pro-
fessor Prestwich and Mr. S. V. Wood, jun. The fol-
lowing section has been made up from observations
taken at many points. A full list of the fossils that
have been found here is given at pp. 26-31 of the
Memoir of the Geological Survey on 48 S.E.
Cliff-Section at the Naze.
Clayey soil in parts.
Fine gravel; up to 7 feet or more.
? Chillesford Beds. Light-coloured (grey and brownish),
more or less bedded sandy clay, loam and clayey sand ; here
and there with flints, flint pebbles, and quartz-pebbles, and
sometimes a little sand; often with a layer of pale purplish
clayey sand, sometimes a thin peaty layer (in places with well-
preserved wood), and sometimes pebbles and flints at the
bottom :—up to 7 feet.
Red
Crag
Brown and buff sand, false-bedded ; sometimes with
many small quartz-pebbles, and some small phos-
phatic nodules: 5 or 6 feet, but not constant, and
sometimes passing into the bed below.
Brown and grey sand with shells and ferruginous
nodules, false-bedded ; sometimes with thin layers
of hardened clay and, in the upper part, many small
black phosphatic nodules and small quartz-pebbles.
Thin bed of phosphatic nodules and phosphatized
bones at the bottom in places. Noticed by Mr. H.
Stopes, F.G.S., in 1874. About 10 tons of the so-
called "coprolites," or phosphatic nodules, are
collected yearly on the shore near Walton.
London Clay, brown at top, but soon getting grey.
It is not everywhere that all the beds above-noted
occur, as the Crag rests on an uneven surface of the
London Clay, which, therefore, rises up sometimes
through the lower beds, as noticed by Mr. S. V. Wood,
jun., and Prof. Prestwich : * at one place, indeed, the
gravel is only separated by a very little of the under-
lying loam from the London Clay, the beds of the
Bed Crag ending off in succession against a gentle
slope of the last.
* Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xxii., p. 548 (1860); and
vol. Xxvii., p. 333 (1871).