THE BIRDS OF EPPING FOREST
37
British Jay (Garrulus glandarius rufitergum, Hart.)—An abundant
resident, not decreasing.
Starling (Sturnus v. vulgaris, L.).—A common resident. Wood-
pecker holes are often used as nesting sites, apparently without adverse
influences on these species.
Greenfinch (Chloris c. chloris, L.).—A resident, which is common
as a winter visitor, but much less bo in nesting season.
Hawfinch (Coccothraustes c. coccothraustes, L.).—A not uncommon
resident. The presence o£ this species in numbers is a strong feature
of the bird-life, the abundance of the hornbeam being the probable
cause.
British Goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis britannica, Hart.).—A regu-
lar, but scarce, winter visitor.
Siskin (Spinus spinus, L.).—An annual winter visitor to the alders
at Highams Park Lake.
House-Sparrow (Passer d. domesticus, L.).—A plentiful resident in
suitable places.
Tree-Sparrow (Passer m. montanus, L.).—An uncommon resident.
Nesting stations, Chingford Wood, Barn Hoppit, and Warren Hill.
Chaffinch (Fringilla c. coelebs, L.).— A. very common resident.
Brambling (Fringilla montifringilla, L.).—A sparing winter visitor,
but very common in some years, as 1922-3, when food supply was
abundant.
Linnet (Acanthis c. cannabina, L.).—An uncommon forest bird,
recorded as nesting.
Lesser Redpoll (Acanthis linaria cabaret, P. L. S. Mull.).—A com-
mon winter visitor, usually found on the birches and alders. An
occasional pair may stay to nest.
British Bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula nesa, M. and 1.).—A com-
mon resident.
Yellow Hammer (Emberiza c. citrinella, L.).—A not very common
resident on the open spaces.
Reed-Bunting (Emberiza s. schoeniclus, L.).—Chiefly a winter visitor,
to be found where there are tracts of the grass, Molinia varia. Had
almost entirely disappeared in 1922, which fact may have some asso-
ciation with the drought of 1921. Normal status regained in 1923.
Sky-Lark (Alauda a. arvensis, L.).—A common resident on the
plains.
White Wagtail (Motacilla a. alba, L.).—One record only, in 1921.
Pied Wagtail (Motacilla a. yarrellii, Gould).—A less common resi-
dent. In some winters parties, running into hundreds, come in to
roost for the night among the reeds round the ponds.
Grey Wagtail (Motacilla c. cinerea, Tunst.).—A scarce winter
visitor, regularly so to the Sewage Farm, Hatch Plain.
Yellow Wagtail (Motacilla flava rayi, Bona.).—One record, April,
1920.
Tree-Pipit (Anthus t. trivialis, L.).—A common summer visitor to
the open spaces. Average date of arrival April 14th.