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It is on many roadsides, helped by salt in winter, along with a variety of other, smaller, coastal plants that have been spreading on roads all over Britain. Also, Alexanders was introduced to Britain by the Romans, for use as a vegetable. So it is at home in a Mediterranean climate.  So global warming in Britain is surely encouraging its spread. Another factor must be is that it grows so fast in spring that it crowds out other plants which cannot compete at that time of year. Another factor is that rabbits don't like its taste. Neither do cattle, horses, or sheep. So it has nothing much that eats it up. A very few tiny fungi eat it, but they cannot multiply fast enough to slow its growth.